Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus has a variety of reported health benefits, including increasing sexual function and libido in both men and women. Although testosterone production directly does not seem to increase while on
Tribulus, the binding affinity and androgenic response at a tissue level seems to be augmented significantly, improving androgen deficiency symptoms, including fatigue, physical stamina, recovery and libido.[1][2]
Lepidium meyenii
The Peruvian herb, Maca, has been long revered for its role in immune modulation, aphrodisiac potential and improvement to overall health and vitality. Maca contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, and glucosinolates, which contribute to its potential physiological effects[3]. These phytochemicals exert modulatory actions on the endocrine system, including the regulation of hormone synthesis and release, increasing free circulating testosterone while also improving androgen receptor
activity.[4]
Turnera difusa
Turnera difusa, known commonly as Damiana, is a South American herb with a long reputation as an aphrodisiac and sexual enhancement herb. Turnera contains a diverse array of phytochemicals, including
flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hormone-modulating properties[5]. Turnera
supports androgen production directly through its impact on aromatase enzyme inhibition, thus reducing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen[6], while also supporting blood sugar response, which can indirectly improve androgen activity and metabolism in the body[7]

Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that supports reproductive health and
hormone balance. It plays a crucial role in the conversion of
folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) to luteinizing hormone (LH), which
supports production of testosterone. A systematic review reveals that
zinc deficiency in both men and women can correlate with lower
testosterone levels[8].
Boron
Boron is believed to influence testosterone levels through several
mechanisms. It may enhance the conversion of androgens to
testosterone by increasing the activity of enzymes such as 17
β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, boron may affect sex
hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, consequently increasing free
testosterone availability. Boron has also been associated with
enhanced vitamin D synthesis, which can indirectly influence
testosterone production. Several studies have investigated the effects
of boron supplementation on testosterone levels in women. In a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, administered 10 mg
of boron daily to postmenopausal women for eight weeks[9]. The boron
group demonstrated a significant increase in free testosterone levels
compared to the placebo group. A similar study by Pizzorno and
colleagues (2016) observed increased free testosterone levels in
postmenopausal women following six weeks of boron supplementation
(6 mg/day)[10]. Additionally, boron has been suggested to enhance
estrogen metabolism, potentially reducing the risk of estrogen-related
conditions such as breast cancer[11].